A. 

Issued Quarterly Number 151 , Extra (U) April, 1902 



aniia 






A DRAMATIZATION 


LONGFELLOW’S 


SONG OF 
HIAWATHA 


FOR SCHOOL AND HOME 
THEATRICALS 


FLORENCE HOLBROOK 


HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & COMPANY 
BOSTON, NEW YORK, AND CHICAGO 

(tffocr'Giibt’ pix??, Cambrige 


Entered at the Poet Office, Boston, Maes., as second-class matter 


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KABAOOSA AS HIAWATHA 



t! l\)t iStfacrstQc Literature Series 


A DRAMATIZATION OF 

/ 

LONGFELLOW’S 

SONG OF HIAWATHA 


IN NINE SCENES FOR SCHOOL AND 
HOME THEATRICALS 

BY 

FLORENCE HOLBROOK 



HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY 

Boston: 4 Park Street; New York : 85 Fifth Avenue 
Chicago: 378-388 Wabash Avenue 

iftitontfi&e Cambribjjc 






THE U8RARY OF 
COf'KBRESSj 
Two Conte Received 

SCP. w 1902 



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Copyright, 1902, 

By HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO. 
All rights reserved. 



The Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A. 
Electrotyped and Printed by H. 0. Houghton & Company. 













PREFATORY NOTE. 


This arrangement of The Song of Hiawatha has 
been prepared with special reference to its presentation 
as a play by school-children. It has already been suc¬ 
cessfully given in Chicago ; and it is thought that it 
will make an appeal to both teachers and children all 
over the country, wherever the poem itself is known 
and loved. In the nature of the case it has been found 
necessary to take some liberties with Longfellow’s 
text, but these have been mainly in the way of a re¬ 
arrangement of matter and such changes as are in¬ 
volved in turning the third person into the first, and 
making Hiawatha or Mudjekeewis tell his own story. 
It is evident that the play could not be fitted for the 
professional stage without very extensive departures 
from the original text, and no attempt has been made 
in this direction, but the editor and the publishers be¬ 
lieve that the present arrangement is well suited to 
the use of amateurs. 










CONTENTS 


PAGE 

List of Characters, etc.5 


Scene 

I. 

The Peace-Pipe 

. 

9 

Scene 

II. 

Mudjekeewis 

• . . » • 

11 

Scene 

III. 

Hiawatha’s Childhood . 

• • . • 

14 

Scene 

IV. 

Hiawatha’s Hunting 

• • • • • 

18 

Scene 

V. 

The Advice of Nokomis 

• • • • 

20 

Scene 

VI. 

Hiawatha’s Wooing . 

. 

22 

Scene 

VII. 

The Wedding Feast and 

the Picture-Writ- 



ing .27 

Scene VIII. The Famine.33 

Scene IX. The White Man’s Foot and Hiawatha’s 

Departure.36 

Appendices. 

The Death of Minnehaha. Music by C. C. Converse . . 42 

Indian Wearing Apparel and Utensils .... 47 

Pronouncing Vocabulary ....... 53 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 


Kabaoosa as Hiawatha .... 
Old Nokomis with the Little Hiawatha 
Minnehaha and Hiawatha 
Indian Wearing Apparel . 

Indian Utensils. 


PAGE 

Frontispiece 

14 

. 22 
48 

. 49-52 


Note. —The first three illustrations are from photographs of the Indian play of 
Hiawatha as given annually by the Ojibways at Desbarats, Ontario, and are used 
by permission of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. The figures of wearing 
apparel and utensils are from Mr. Frederic Remington’s drawings for the Holiday 
Edition of The Song of Hiawatha. 






THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 


ARRANGED FOR DRAMATIC REPRESENTATION. 


CHARACTERS. 


Hiawatha. 

Mudjekeewis, the West-Wind, Father of Hiawatha. 

I a GOO, the Great Boaster. 

Pau-Puk-Keewis, the Merry Mischief-Maker . 

Chibiabos, the Musician. 

The Arrow-Maker, Father of Minnehaha. 

The Priest, a White Man. 

A Youth. 

Minnehaha. 

Nokomis, Hiawatha’s Grandmother. 

Famine. 

Fever. 

Warriors and Women. 

Note. — The part of Hiawatha should be played by three per¬ 
sons, — one to represent him as a child in Scene III, another as a 
boy in Scene IV, and the third as a man in the remaining scenes. 
As the part is a long one, it is best, when young children are the 
actors, to divide it still further, having, perhaps, a different child 
for each scene, and if thought best, the same plan may be fol¬ 
lowed in the cases of Minnehaha and Nokomis. Care should be 
taken, however, to have the costumes identical when this is 
done. 


COSTUMES. 

The men wear long, close-fitting trousers, and doublets reach¬ 
ing to within four inches of the knee ; the women wear longer 



6 


LONGFELLOW . 


skirts ; and the child Hiawatha dresses like the men. All wear 
moccasins. All the garments, including the moccasins, can be 
made of khaki, canton flannel, or denim. The costumes are 
trimmed with beads and fringes, and bead necklaces are worn. 
Cranberries make an effective necklace. Belts may be trimmed 
with beads. The men wear feathers in the hair. These may be 
fastened on a band of cloth worn about the head. The leading 
warriors wear the long head-dresses reaching to the knee or 
ankle. Faces should be painted with “ Indian ” grease paint, 
which can be obtained from costumers and druggists. Light 
hair should be covered with black wigs. Bows and arrows, 
quivers, tomahawks, and war-clubs should be provided. 

Hints as to costumes and properties may be obtained from the 
illustrations of this book, and attention is called especially to 
the figures on pages 48 - 52 , and to the brief account there given 
of wearing apparel and utensils. 

The white priest wears a black cassock. Famine and Fever 
are shrouded in black and wear masks or dominos. 

ANALYSIS OF SCENES : PROPERTIES. 

SCENE I. THE PEACE-PIPE. 

Scene: A clearing in the forest on the lake shore, with smoke 
rising above trees in background. 

The Indians assemble at the signal of the Great Spirit — the 
rising smoke — and their enmity towards one another is changed 
to friendly feelings, in obedience to the words of the Manito’s 
messenger. 

SCENE II. MUDJEKEEWIS. 

Scene: Same as last, but without the smoke. 

Mudjekeewis, entering with bear skin, tells the other Indians 
of his fight with the Great Bear of the mountains. 

SCENE III. HIAWATHA’S CHILDHOOD. 

Scene: Similar to last, but with a wigwam at one side. 

Nokomis sings and tells stories to the little Hiawatha. 

SCENE IV. HIAWATHA’S HUNTING. 

Scene : Same as last. 


THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 


7 


Old Iagoo presents a bow and quiver full of arrows to the boy 
Hiawatha, who goes into the forest at rear of stage and shoots 
a deer, which remains behind the scenes. Returning, he tells 
Iagoo and Nokomis of his prowess, and Iagoo praises him. 

SCENE V. THE ADVICE OF NOKOMIS'. 

Scene : Same as last. 

Nokomis advises Hiawatha to wed a maiden of his own peo¬ 
ple, but he determines to woo Minnehaha, the daughter of a 
Dacotah arrow-maker. 

SCENE VI. HIAWATHA’S WOOING. 

Scene: Another forest clearing, with another wigwam. 

The arrow-maker and his daughter, Minnehaha, are at work 
before their wigwam, the former making arrows, the latter plait¬ 
ing a mat, when Hiawatha approaches, bearing presents. In 
conversation Hiawatha tells of his life among the Ojibways, 
while Minnehaha brings from the wigwam bowls of food and 
drink, which she offers to Hiawatha and her father ; then he asks 
for Minnehaha in marriage, and father and daughter consenting, 
she accompanies him off the stage. 

SCENE VII. THE WEDDING FEAST AND THE PICTURE-WRITING. 

Scene: Same as in Scenes III, IY, and V. 

The Indians are seated about, eating and drinking, and are 
waited upon by Nokomis and Minnehaha. Pau-Puk-Keewis 
dances and Chibiabos sings. Then Hiawatha explains the art of 
picture-writing, drawing figures with colored chalks on a piece 
of birch-bark, and Iagoo, Chibiabos, and four chiefs take part in 
the conversation. 


SCENE VIII. THE FAMINE. 

Scene : Interior of Hiawatha’s wigwam. Winter. 

Minnehaha, lying sick upon her bed, is attended by Nokomis. 
Hiawatha goes out to seek food for his starving wife. Famine 
and Fever — two horrible shapes draped in black — enter and 
stand at the head of the bed. Minnehaha dies, and Hiawatha 
returns and mourns for her. 


8 


LONGFELLOW . 


SCENE IX. THE WHITE MAN’S FOOT AND HIAWATHA’S DE¬ 
PARTURE. 

Scene : Clearing, with Hiawatha’s wigwam. 

Hiawatha, Iagoo, Nokomis, the white priest, the warriors, and 
the women take part. Iagoo, returning from a journey, tells of 
seeing the pale-faces and their ship, and Hiawatha relates a 
vision he has had of the “ westward marches of the unknown, 
crowded nations.” Then the priest arrives and is welcomed by 
Hiawatha. Hiawatha bids farewell to Nokomis and to all his 
people, and takes his departure. 


THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 

ARRANGED FOR DRAMATIC REPRESENTATION. 


SCENE I. 

THE PEACE-PIPE. 

A clearing in the forest by the lake shore. Smoke rising 
above the trees in background. 

First Warrior {entering'). 

Oh, behold it, the Pukwana! 

Second Warrior {entering). 

Oh, behold it, the Pukwana! 

Gitche Manito, the mighty, 

Calls the tribes of men together. 

Enter several warriors. 

Third Warrior. 

Oh, behold it, the Pukwana! 

By this signal from afar off, 

Bending like a wand of willow, 

Waving like a hand that beckons, 

Gitche Manito, the mighty, 

Calls the tribes of men together, 

Calls the warriors to his council. 

\_The Indians walk about and gaze angrily at 
one another, brandishing their weapons. En¬ 
ter a handsome youth without weapons. 



10 


LONGFELLOW. 


Youth (raising his hand). 

Listen ! Manito has sent me, 

Gitche Manito, the mighty; 

Listen to his words of wisdom. 

[The Indians lower their weapons and listen. 
Listen to the words of warning 
From the lips of the Great Spirit, 

From the Master of Life who sent me. 

“ I have given you lands to hunt in, 

I have given you streams to fish in, 

I have given you bear and bison, 

I have given you roe and reindeer, 

I have given you brant and beaver, 

Filled the marshes full of wild-fowl, 

Filled the rivers full of fishes ; 

Why, then, are you not contented ? 

Why, then, will you hunt each other ? 

I am weary of your quarrels, 

Weary of your wars and bloodshed, 

Weary of your prayers for vengeance, 

Of your wranglings and dissensions ; 

All your strength is in your union, 

All your danger is in discord; 

Therefore be at peace henceforward, 

And as brothers live together. 

I will send a prophet to you, 

A Deliverer of the nations, 

Who shall guide you and shall teach you, 
Who shall toil and suffer with you. 

If you listen to his counsels, 

You will multiply and prosper; 

If his warnings pass unheeded, 

You will fade away and perish! 

Bury your war-clubs and your weapons, 


THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 


11 


Smoke the calumet together, 

And as brothers live henceforward ! ” 

[.Indians throw down their weapons , and the Youth 
lights and smokes the Peace-Pipe, which is then 
passed from one to another , each one taking a 
puff\ till curtain falls. 

Fourth Warrior. 

We will listen to your warning, 

To the words of the Great Spirit, 

Gitche Manito, the mighty! 

Fifth Warrior. 

All our strength is in our union; 

Let us be at peace henceforward, 

And as brothers live together! 

Sixth Warrior. 

Let us throw away our war-clubs, 

Smoke the calumet together, 

And as brothers live henceforward! 

Youth. 

Smoke the calumet, the Peace-Pipe; 

Live in peace and love, my brothers! 

[ Curtain. 

SCENE II. 

MUDJEKEEWIS. 

A forest clearing. Indians seated ; one mending head¬ 
dress , others busy examining bows , arrows , etc. 

Enter Mudjekeewis, with pelt of the Great Bear. 
Indians. 

Honor be to Mudjekeewis ! [All rise. 

Honor be to Mudjekeewis! 


12 


LONGFELLOW. 


One Indian. 

Tell us how you killed the Great Bear, 
Mishe-Mokwa, of the mountains ! 

All. 

Ugh! the mighty Mishe-Mokwa ! 

[All sit, listening intently, and show their interest 
as the story proceeds by brandishing of weapons, 
etc. 


Mudjekeewis. 

As he lay asleep and cumbrous 
On the summit of the mountain, 

Silently I stole upon him 

Till the hot breath of his nostrils 

Almost touched me, almost scared me; 

And I drew the Belt of Wampum 
Over the round ears, that heard not, 

Over the small eyes, that saw not, 

Over the long nose and nostrils, 

The black muffle of the nostrils. 

Then I swung aloft my war-club, 

Shouted loud and long my war-cry, 

[Gives war-whoop, which is taken up by all the 
other warriors. 1 

Smote the mighty Mishe-Mokwa 
In the middle of the forehead, 

Right between the eyes I smote him. 

With the heavy blow bewildered, 

Rose the Great Bear of the mountains; 

1 Most boys know how to produce the conventional Indian war- 
whoop, by using the open hand to interrupt the prolonged yells as 
they issue from the mouth. The whoop, if made sufficiently blood¬ 
curdling, may easily be very effective. 


THE SONG OF HIAWATHA . 


13 


But his knees beneath him trembled, 

And he whimpered like a woman, 

As he reeled and staggered forward, 

As he sat upon his haunches; 

Then I cried in loud derision, 

“ Hark you, Bear! you are a coward, 

And no Brave, as you pretended; 

Else you would not cry and whimper 
Like a miserable woman ! 

Bear! you know our tribes are hostile, 

Long have been at war together; 

Now you find that we are strongest 
You go sneaking in the forest, 

You go hiding in the mountains ! 

Had you conquered me in battle 
Not a groan would I have uttered; 

But you, Bear, sit here and whimper, 

And disgrace your tribe by crying, 

Like a wretched Shaugodaya, 

Like a cowardly old woman ! ” 

[All give the war-whoop. 
Then again I raised my war-club, 

Smote again the Mishe-Mokwa 
In the middle of his forehead, 

Broke his skull as ice is broken 
When one goes to fish in winter. 

Thus was slain the Mishe-Mokwa, 

He, the Great Bear of the mountains, 

He, the terror of the nations. 

All. 

Honor be to Mudjekeewis ! 

He has slain the Mishe-Mokwa, 

Slain the terror of the nations! 


14 


LONGFELLOW. 


One Indian. 

Honor be to Mudjekeewis ! 

Henceforth he shall be the West-Wind, 

And hereafter and forever 
Shall he hold supreme dominion 
Over all the winds of heaven. 

Call him no more Mudjekeewis ; 

Call him Kabeyun, the West-Wind! 

All (rising). 

Call him no more Mudjekeewis ; 

Call him Kabeyun, the West-Wind ! 

[ Curtain. 

SCENE III. 


HIAWATHA’S CHILDHOOD. 


Forest clearing. Evening in summer. Nokomis and the 
child Hiawatha before their wigwam. 


Nokomis (sings). 




m 


E - wa - yea ! my lit - tie ow - let! Who is 


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this that lights the wig-wain, With his great eyes lights the 


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Hiawatha. 

See the fire-fly, dear Nokomis, 
See the fire-fly, Wali-wah-taysee, 








































OLD NOKOMIS WITH THE LITTLE HIAWATHA 

















































































* 










































THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 


15 


Flitting through the dusk of evening, 

With the twinkle of its candle 
Lighting up the brakes and bushes. 

[Sings, running about and making motions of try¬ 
ing to catch the firefly. 



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bed I lay me, Ere in sleep I close my eye-lids !* 


Voices (imitating calls of owls'). 

Hoo-hoo-hoo-hoo, hoo-hoo-hoo-hoo-oo ; 
Hoo-hoo-hoo-hoo, hoo-hoo-hoo-hoo-oo. 

Hiawatha (running to Nokomis in fear). 

What is that ? That cry, Nokomis! 

Coming from the lonesome forest ? 

Nokomis (laughing). 

That is but the owl and owlet 
Talking in their native language, 

Talking, scolding at each other. 

[Both are sitting at door of wigwam. 















































16 


LONGFELLOW. 


Hiawatha ( pointing ). 

See! a star falls, dear Nokomis, 

From the sky a star is falling; 

Tell me of the stars, grandmother. 

Of the stars that shine in heaven! 

Nokomis. 

See the broad white road in heaven ! 

’T is the pathway of the shadows, 

Pathway of the ghosts, the shadows, 
Running straight across the heavens. 

Look! far northward in the heavens, 

You can see the spirits’ Death-Dance, 
Warriors with their plumes and war-clubs. 
Flaring far away to northward. ‘ 

Hiawatha. 

Tell me, what is that, Nokomis, 

See, the light upon the water! 

Nokomis. 

’T is the moon, my Hiawatha. 

Once a warrior, very angry, 

Seized his grandmother, and threw her 
Up into the sky at midnight; 

Right against the moon he threw her ; 

’T is her body that you see there. 

Hiawatha {coaxing). 

Tell the story of the rainbow, 

Of the heaven of flowers, Nokomis. 

Nokomis. 

When you see the bow of colors 
In the eastern sky, the rainbow, 


THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 


17 


’T is the heaven of flowers you see there; 

All the wild-flowers of the forest, 

All the lilies of the prairie, 

When on earth they fade and perish, 

Blossom in that heaven above us. 

Hiawatha. 

In the woods I found the wild-flowers, 

In the meadow found the lilies, 

And the bluebird, the Owaissa, 

And the robin, the Opechee, 

Showed me where their nests were hidden! 

Nokomis. 

Thus they show my Hiawatha 

That they love him, that they trust him. 

Hiawatha. 

Yes, Nokomis, and I love them. 

All the birds I call my chickens; 

And the squirrel and the rabbit, 

All the creatures of the forest, 

The swift reindeer and the beaver, 

All are Hiawatha’s Brothers. 

Nokomis. 

Well, my little sleepy grandson, 

All the flowers have closed their eyelids, 

And the robin, the Opechee, 

And the bluebird, the Owaissa, 

And the squirrel, Adjidaumo, 

Long have been asleep in dreamland. 

It is time you closed your eyes, too. 

[Sings, while Hiawatha rests his head against 
her knee. 


18 


LONGFELLOW. 


Song. 

Ewa-yea ! my little owlet! 

Who is this that lights the wigwam ? 

With his great eyes lights the wigwam ? 

Ewa-yea ! my little owlet! 

SCENE IV. 

HIAWATHA’S HUNTING. 

The forest clearing. Nokomis and the boy Hiawatha 
before their wigwam , Nokomis weaving a basket. 

Enter Iagoo, with bow and quiver full of arrows. 

Iagoo. 

Here’s a bow for Hiawatha ; 

From a branch of ash I made it, 

From an oak-bough made the arrows, 

Tipped with flint, and winged with feathers, 
And the cord I made of deer-skin. 

Go, my son, into the forest, 

Where the red deer herd together, 

Kill for us a famous roebuck, 

Kill for us a deer with antlers! 

Hiawatha (going toward the forest). 

Yes, I ’ll shoot the famous roebuck! 

Voices. 

Do not shoot us, Hiawatha! 

We are robins, the Opechee. 

Other Voices. 

Do not shoot us, little hunter ! 

We are bluebirds, the Owaissa, 

We are Hiawatha’s chickens. 


THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 


19 


A Voice. 

I fear not your bow and arrows, 
•I am Hiawatha’s brother, 

I, the squirrel, Adjidaumo! 

Another Voice. 

Do not shoot me, Hiawatha, 

I am but the timid rabbit. 


Hiawatha (disregarding voices). 

Hark, I think I hear a rustling! 

Here .1 ’ll hide among the bushes! 

Ah! I see two antlers lifted, 

See two eyes look from the thicket, 

See two nostrils point to windward, 

And a deer comes down the pathway, 

Flecked with leafy light and shadow. 

How my heart within me trembles, 

As the deer comes nearer, nearer! 

Now I ’ll slowly aim my arrow 
That no twig or leaf may rustle. 

[Shoots, and then runs off in same direction. 
Reenters. 

Ah ! I ’ve killed the wary roebuck, 

Killed the great deer of the forest! 

Home I ’ll go and tell Iagoo, 

Tell Nokomis and Iagoo! 

[Approaches ivigwam. 

Oh ! I’ve killed a famous roebuck, 

Killed a great red deer with antlers! 

Come and see him, good Iagoo; 

Come and teach me how to skin him. 


20 


LONGFELLOW . 


Iagoo. 

Well, Nokomis, lie’s a hunter, 
Hiawatha is a hunter, 

And a child he is no longer! 

When a youth can track the red deer 
And hath slain the wary roebuck, 

Then the people all applaud him, 

Call him Strong-Heart, Soan-ge-taha! 
Call him Loon-Heart, Mahn-go-taysee! 


SCENE V. 

THE ADVICE OF NOKOMIS. 

Hiawatha and Nokomis seated before the wigwam. 
Hiawatha. 

As unto the bow the cord is, 

So unto the man is woman, 

Though she bends him, she obeys him, 
Though she draws him, yet she follows: 
Useless each without the other! 

Nokomis (rising). 

Wed a maiden of your people, 

Go not eastward, go not westward, 

For a stranger, whom we know not! 

Like a fire upon the hearth-stone 
Is a neighbor’s homely daughter; 

Like the starlight or the moonlight 
Is the handsomest of strangers! 


THE SONG OF HIAWATHA . 


21 


Hiawatha. 

Very pleasant is the firelight, 

But I like the starlight better, 

Better do I like the moonlight! 

Nokomis. 

Bring not here an idle maiden, 

Bring not here a useless woman, 
Hands unskilful, feet unwilling; 

Bring a wife with nimble fingers, 
Heart and hand that move together, 
Feet that run on willing errands! 

Hiawatha. 

In the land of the Dacotahs 
Lives the Arrow-Maker’s daughter, 
Minnehaha, Laughing Water, 
Handsomest of all the women. 

I will bring her to your wigwam, 

She shall run upon your errands, 

Be your starlight, moonlight, firelight, 
Be the sunlight of my people! 

Nokomis. 

Bring not to my lodge a stranger 
From the land of the Dacotahs! 

Very fierce are the Dacotahs, 

Often is there war between us, 

There are feuds yet unforgotten, 
Wounds that ache and still may open! 

Hiawatha. 

For that reason, if no other, 

Would I wed the fair Dacotah, 


22 


LONGFELLOW. 


That our tribes might be united, 

That old feuds might be forgotten, 

And old wounds be healed forever! 

[Exit. Curtain. 


SCENE VI. 

HIAWATHA’S WOOING. 

Another clearing, with wigivam. The Arrow-Maker is 
seated at a distance, making arrows. Minnehaha is 
■plaiting mats near the wigwam. 

Arrow-Maker. 

I am thinking, my dear daughter, 

Of the days when with such arrows 
I have struck the deer and bison 
On the Muskoday, the meadow; 

Shot the wild goose, flying southward. 

On the wing, the clamorous Wawa; 

Thinking of the great war-parties, 

How they came to buy my arrows, 

Could not fight without my arrows. 

Ah, no more such noble warriors 
Can be found on earth as they were! 

Now the men are all like women, 

Only use their tongues for weapons ! 

MiNNEHAnA (letting her work fall into her lap , and speaking 
softly to herself). 

I am thinking of a hunter 
From another tribe and country. 

Young and tall and very handsome, 

Who one morning, in the Spring-time, 



VHXVMVIH QNV VHVH3NNIIM 























THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 


23 


Came to buy my father’s arrows, 

Sat and rested in the wigwam, 

Lingered long about the doorway, 

Looking back as he departed. 

I have heard my father praise him, 

Praise his courage and his wisdom; 

Will he come again for arrows 
To the Falls of Minnehaha? 

Enter Hiawatha. He stands erect , and bows gravely. 
Arrow-Maker (rising). 

Hiawatha, you are welcome! 

[Hiawatha lays gifts at feet of Minnehaha. 

Minnehaha (softly). 

You are welcome, Hiawatha! 

Arrow-Maker. 

Sit and rest, O Hiawatha! 

[Arrow-Maker and Hiawatha sit. Minne¬ 
haha brings water and food. 

Arrow-Maker. 

Tell me of your home and friendships, 

Of Nokomis and the Ojibways. 

Hiawatha. 

By the shores of Gitehe-Gumee, 

By the shining Big-Sea-Water, 

In the wigwam near the forest, 

Old Nokomis, my grandmother, 

Rocked me in my linden cradle, 

Bedded soft in moss and rushes. 

Many things Nokomis taught me 


24 


LONGFELLOW . 


Of the stars that shine in heaven, 

Of the wild flowers of the forest. 

Of all beasts I learned the language, 
Learned of every bird its language, 

Learned their names and all their secrets. 
Old Iagoo made me arrows, 

Tipped with flint and winged with feathers. 
Then I tracked a famous roebuck, 

Killed a famous deer with antlers. 

When I reached the years of manhood, 
Long I fasted in the forest, 

Long I prayed to the Great Spirit, 

For advancement of the people. 

Then a youth came, and we wrestled, 

Four times wrestled there together, 

And at length he fell before me. 

Then I did as he commanded, 

Stripped the garments from Mondamin, 
Laid him in the earth, and made it 
Soft and loose and light above him, 

Kept it clean from weeds and insects. 

Drove away, with scoffs and shoutings, 
Kahgahgee, the king of ravens. 

Till at length a small green feather 
From the earth shot slowly upward. 

Then another and another, 

And before the Summer ended 
Stood the maize in all its beauty, 

With its shining robes about it, 

And its long, soft, yellow tresses; 

And I cried, “ It is Mondamin! 

Yes, the friend of man, Mondamin ! n 

Then. I called to old Nokomis 
And Iagoo, the great boaster. 


THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 


25 


Showed them where the maize was growing, 
Told them of my wondrous vision, 

Of my wrestling and my triumph, 

Of this new gift to the nations, 

Which should be their food forever. 

And still later, when the Autumn 
Changed the long, green leaves to yellow, 

And the soft and juicy kernels 
Grew like wampum hard and yellow, 

Then the ripened ears I gathered, 

Stripped the withered husks from off them, 

As I once had stripped the wrestler, 

Gave the first Feast of Mondamin, 

And made known unto the people 
This new gift of the Great Spirit. 

Two good friends have I, of all men, 
Singled out from all the others : 

Chibiabos, the musician, 

And the very strong man, Kwasind. 

We three plan and work together, 

Pondering much and much contriving 
How the tribes of men may prosper. 

So a light canoe I built me, 

Built a swift Cheemaun for sailing, 

And it floats upon the river, 

Like a yellow leaf in Autumn, 

Like a yellow water-lily. 

Kwasind helped me clear the river, 

And we made its passage certain, 

Made a pathway for the people, 

From its springs among the mountains 
To the bay of Taquamenaw. [Rises. 

Now I ’ve come, O Arrow-Maker, 

For the greatest of your treasures, 


26 


LONGFELLOW. 


Not the famous arrows, famous 
With the warriors of the nations. 

After many years of warfare, 

Many years of strife and bloodshed, 
There is peace between the Ojibways 
And the tribe of the Dacotahs. 

That this peace may last forever, 

And our hands be clasped more closely, 
And our hearts be more united, 

Give me as my wife this maiden, 
Minnehaha, Laughing Water, 

Loveliest of Dacotah women ! 

Arrow-Maker (smoking — speaking slowly ). 
Yes, — if Minnehaha wishes. 

Let your heart speak, Minnehaha! 

Minnehaha {going to Hiawatha). 

I will follow you, my husband. 

Arrow-Maker. 

Happy are you, Hiawatha, 

Having such a wife to love you! 

Happy are you, O my daughter, 

Having such a noble husband ! 

Hiawatha. 

Come with me, O Laughing Water! 
Minnehaha. 

Fare thee well, farewell, my father! 
Arrow-Maker. 

Fare ye well, farewell, my children! 
Love is sunshine, hate is shadow; 


THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 


27 


Life is checkered shade and sunshine. 
Rule by love, O Hiawatha! 

Rule by patience, Minnehaha! 

Day is restless, night is quiet, 

Man imperious, woman feeble; 

Half is yours, although you follow; 
Rule by patience, Laughing Water! 
Fare thee well, O Minnehaha 1 


Hiawatha and Minnehaha (slowly leaving; looking back at 
Arrow-Maker). 


Fare thee well! 


O Arrow-Maker! 
Farewell, my father! 


Arrow-Maker. 


[ Exeunt. 


Thus it is our daughters leave us, 

Those we love, and those who love us! 

Just when they have learned to help us, 

When we are old and lean upon them, 

Comes a youth with flaunting feathers, 

With his flute of reeds, a stranger 
Wanders piping through the village, 

Beckons to the fairest maiden, 

And she follows where he leads her, 

Leaving all things for the stranger ! 

[ Curtain . 


SCENE VII. 

THE WEDDING FEAST AND THE PICTURE-WRITING. 

Before Hiawatha’s wigwam. Indians seated about stage , eating 
and drinking , Nokomis and Minnehaha waiting upon them. 

Nokomis. 

Dance for us, O Pau-Puk-Keewis, 

Dance for us your merry dances, 


28 


LONGFELLOW. 


Dance the Beggar’s Dance to please us, 

That the feast may be more joyous, 

That the time may pass more gayly, 

And our guests be more contented! 

All. 

Dance for us, O Pau-Puk-Keewis ! 

[Pau-Puk-Keewis dances, one Indian beating an 
Indian drum, while the others shout an accom¬ 
paniment. 

Nokomis. 

Sing to us, O Chibiabos! 

You, the friend of Hiawatha, 

You, the sweetest of all singers, 

You, the best of all musicians, 

Songs of love and songs of longing 
Sing for Hiawatha’s wedding, 

That the feast may be more joyous, 

That the time may pass more gayly, 

And our guests be more contented! 

All. 

Sing for us, O Chibiabos! 

Chibiabos (sings). 

Onaway ! awake, beloved! 

Thou, the wild-flower of the forest! 

Thou, the wild bird of the prairie! 

Thou with eyes so soft and fawn-like! 

If thou only lookest at me, 

I am happy, I am happy, 

As the lilies of the prairie, 

When they feel the dew upon them ! 


THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 


29 


Onaway! my heart sings to thee, 
Sings with joy when thou art near me, 
As the sighing, singing branches 
In the pleasant Moon of Strawberries! 

When thou art not pleased, beloved, 
Then my heart is sad and darkened, 
As the shining river darkens 
When the clouds drop shadows on it! 


When thou smilest, my beloved, 

Then my troubled heart is brightened, 

As in sunshine gleam the ripples 
That the cold wind makes in rivers. 

Smiles the earth, and smile the waters, 
Smile the cloudless skies above us, 

But I lose the way of smiling 
When thou art no longer near me! 

[All shout their applause. 


Song of Chibiabos. 




3= 


On 


way ! . . . a - wake, be - lov 


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Thou the wild flow - er of the for 


est, 


i 


& 




Thou the wild bird of the prai-rie,Thou with eyes so 




¥ 


soft and fawn-like ! If thou on - ly look - est at me 














































30 


LONGFELLOW. 


I 


5=4 




fs- 


I am hap - py, I am hap - py as the lil - ies 



On - a - way ! . 


a - wake, be -. lov - ed ! 


it 




8 


*- 3 - 


On - 


- way 


be - lov - ed ! a - wake ! 


Hiawatha. 

Lo! how all things fade and perish! 
From the memory of the old men 
Pass away the great traditions, 

The adventures of the hunters, 

All the wisdom of the Medas, 

All the craft of the Wabenos, 

All the marvellous dreams and visions 
Of the Jossakeeds, the Prophets ! 

Iagoo. 

Great men die and are forgotten. 
Wise men speak; their words of wisdom 
Perish in the ears that hear them, 

Do not reach the generations 
That, as yet unborn, are waiting 
In the great, mysterious darkness 
Of the speechless days that shall be! 










































THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 


31 


Chibiabos. 

On the graveposts of our fathers 
Are no signs, no figures painted; 

Who are in those graves we know not, 

Only know they are our fathers. 

Of what kith they are and kindred, 

From what old ancestral Totem, 

Be it Eagle, Bear, or Beaver, 

They descended, this we know not, 

Only know they are our fathers. 

Hiawatha. 

Face to face we speak together, 

But we cannot speak when absent, 

Cannot send our voices from us 
To the friends that dwell afar off; 

Cannot send a secret message, 

But the bearer learns our secret, 

May pervert it, may betray it, 

May reveal it unto others. 

Let us learn to write by pictures, 

Learn to write by means of symbols. 

[Drawing on birch-bark or screen. 

This shall be for the Great Spirit, 

Gitche Manito, the Mighty ; 

He, the Master of Life, we ’ll picture 
As an egg with points projecting 
To the four winds of the heavens; 

Everywhere is the Great Spirit, 

Is the meaning of this symbol. 

Life and Death I draw as circles; 

Life is white, but Death is darkened; 

For the earth we ’ll have a straight line, 


32 


LONGFELLOW. 


For the sky a bow above it; 

White the space between for daytime, 
Filled with little stars for night-time ; 
On the left a point for sunrise, 

On the right a point for sunset, 

On the top a point for noontide, 

And for rain and cloudy weather 
Waving lines descending from it. 
Footprints pointing towards a wigwam 
Are a sign of invitation, 

Are a sign of guests assembling; 
Bloody hands with palms uplifted 
Are a symbol of destruction, 

Are a hostile sign and symbol. 

O my friends, behold, your graveposts 
Have no mark, no sign nor symbol. 

Go and paint them all with figures; 
Each one with his household symbol, 
With its own ancestral Totem ; 

So that those who follow after 
May distinguish them and know them. 

First Chief. 

Let us listen to the wise words 
Of our chief, great Hiawatha; 

Let us paint upon the graveposts 
On the graves yet unforgotten, 

Each his own ancestral Totem. 

Of my house the Bear is symbol. 

Second Chief. 

And the Reindeer is my Totem ; 

I shall paint it on my graveposts. 


THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 


33 


Third Chief. 

Yes, the Totems we will paint there, 

Bear and Reindeer, Crane and Beaver, 

Each inverted as a token 
That the owner has departed, 

That the chief who bore the symbol 
Lies beneath in dust and ashes. 

Fourth Chief. 

Honor be to Hiawatha! 

Him who teaches in his wisdom, 

All the art of Picture-writing, 

On the smooth bark of the birch-tree, 

On the white skin of the reindeer, 

On the graveposts of the village! 

All. 

Honor be to Hiawatha! [ Curtain . 


SCENE VIII. 

THE FAMINE. 

Interior of Hiawatha’s wigwam in winter. Minnehaha 
lying sick upon her bed, attended by Nokomis. Hia¬ 
watha standing. 


Hiawatha. 

Gitche Manito, the Mighty! 

Give your children food, O Father! 

Give us food, or we must perish! 

Give me food for Minnehaha, 

For my dying Minnehaha! 

[Rushes out through wigwam door-flap. 


34 


LONGFELLOW. 


MlNNEHAnA. 

All the earth is sick and famished; 

Hungry is the air around me, 

Hungry is the sky above me, 

And the hungry stars in heaven 
Like the eyes of wolves glare at me! 

Nokomis. 

O the wasting of the famine! 

O the blasting of the fever! 

Minnehaha. 

Look, Nokomis! at the doorway! 

Lo ! the awful shapes that enter! 

Famine ( gliding to bedside). 

Look! Behold me, Minnehaha! 

I am Famine — Bukadawin ! 

Fever ( joining Famine). 

Look! Behold me, Laughing Water! 

I am Fever — Ahkosewin! 

Minnehaha {faintly ). 1 
Hark ! oh, hark! I hear a rushing, 

Hear a roaring and a rushing, 

Hear the Falls of Minnehaha 
Calling to me from a distance! 

Those who do not object to the introduction of an operatic ele¬ 
ment into the play may prefer to give the death of Minnehaha as set 
to music by C. C. Converse. The words and music will be found in 
the Appendix, page 42. 


THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 


35 


Nokomis. 

No, my child ! my Minnehaha! 

’T is the night-wind in the pine-trees! 

Minnehaha. 

Look, oh, look! I see my father 
Standing lonely at his doorway, 

Beckoning to me from his wigwam 
In the land of the Dacotahs ! 

* Nokomis ( shaking her head). 

’T is the smoke that waves and beckons ! 

Minnehaha. 

Ah ! the eyes of Pauguk glaring, 

Glaring on me in the darkness, 

I can feel his icy fingers 
Clasping mine amid the darkness ! 

Hiawatha ! Hiawatha ! [Dies. 

Nokomis ( rocking to and fro). 

Wahonowin ! Wahonowin! 

Would that I had perished for you, 

Would that I were dead as you are! 
Wahonowin ! Wahonowin ! 

Enter Hiawatha. He rushes to the bedside, stops abruptly, gaz¬ 
ing at Minnehaha, then sits down and covers his face with 
his hands , Nokomis rocking and moaning softly. 

Hiawatha. 

Farewell, farewell, Minnehaha! 

Farewell, O my Laughing Water ! 

All my heart has perished with you ! 

All my thoughts go onward with you ! 


36 


LONGFELLOW. 


Come not back again to labor, 

Come not back again to suffer, 

Where the Famine and the Fever 
Wear tbe heart and waste the body. 

Soon my task will be completed, 

Soon your footsteps I shall follow 
To the Islands of the Blessed, 

To the Kingdom of Ponemah, 

To the land of the Hereafter ! 

[ Curtain . 


SCENE IX. 

THE WHITE MAN’S FOOT AND HIAWATHA’S 
DEPARTURE. 

Clearing, with Hiawatha’s wigwam . Hiawatha, War¬ 
riors, and Women grouped on stage. 

Enter Iagoo. 

Iagoo. 

Hail to you, Ojibway warriors! 

Hiawatha. 

From his wanderings far to eastward, 

From the regions of the morning, 

From the shining land of Wabun, 

Homeward now returns Iagoo, 

The great traveller, the great boaster, 

Full of new and strange adventures, 

Marvels many and many wonders. 

Warriors and Women. 

Ugh ! It is indeed Iagoo ! 

No one else beholds such wonders ! 


THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 


37 


Iagoo. 

Far away I ’ve seen a water 
Bigger than the Big-Sea-Water, 
Broader than the Gitche-Gumee, 

Bitter so that none could drink it! 

Indians (smiling at one another ). 

Ugh! It surely cannot be so ! 

Kaw ! Indeed, it cannot be so! 

Iagoo. 

Over it, far o’er this water, 

Came a great canoe with pinions, 

A canoe with wings came flying, 

Bigger than a grove of pine-trees, 

Taller than the tallest tree-tops ! 

Warriors. 

Kaw ! Indeed we don’t believe it! 
Iagoo. 

From its mouth in greeting to me 
Came Waywassimo, the lightning, 

Came the thunder, Annemeekee ! 

Women (< laughing ). 

Kaw! indeed ! what tales you tell us ! 
Iagoo. 

And in it there came a people, 

In the great canoe with pinions, 

Came more than a hundred warriors; 
Painted white were all their faces, 

And with hair their chins were covered! 


LONGFELLOW. 

All (laughing and jeering ). 

Kaw ! Ugh ! Kaw ! what lies you tell us 
Do not think that we believe them ! 

No one else beholds such wonders ! 

Hiawatha. 

Cease your laughter, O my people! 

True is all Iagoo tells us. 

I have seen it in a vision, 

Seen the great canoe with pinions, 

Seen the people with white faces, 

Seen the coming of this bearded 
People of the wooden vessel 
From the regions of the morning, 

From the shining land of Wabun. 

Gitche Manito, the Mighty, 

The Great Spirit, the Creator, 

Sends them hither on his errand, 

Sends them to us with his message. 
Wheresoe’er they move, before them 
Swarms the stinging fly, the Ahmo, 
Swarms the bee, the honey-maker; 
Wheresoe’er they tread, beneath them 
Springs a flower unknown among us, 
Springs the White-man’s Foot in blossom. 

Let us welcome, then, the strangers, 
Hail them as our friends and brothers, 
And the heart’s right hand of friendship 
Give them when they come to see us. 
Gitche Manito, the Mighty, 

Said this to me in my vision. 

I beheld, too, in that vision 
All the secrets of the future, 

Of the distant days that shall be. 


THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 


39 


I beheld the westward marches 
Of the unknown, crowded nations. 

All the land was full of people, 

Restless, struggling, toiling, striving, 
Speaking many tongues, yet feeling 
But one heart-beat in their bosoms. 

In the woodlands rang their axes, 
Smoked their towns in all the valleys, 
Over all the lakes and rivers 
Rushed their great canoes of thunder. 

Then a darker, drearier vision 
Passed before me, vague and cloud-like; 
I beheld our nation scattered, 

All forgetful of my counsels, 

Weakened, warring with each other; 
Saw the remnants of our people 
Sweeping westward, wild and woful, 
Like the cloud-rack of a tempest, 

Like the withered leaves of Autumn. 
Enter Priest. 

Lo! he comes, the priest, the Pale-face, 
With his guides and his companions. 

Priest. 

Peace be with you, Hiawatha ! 

Hiawatha. 

Beautiful is the sun, 0 strangers, 
When you come so far to see us ! 

All our town in peace awaits you, 

All our doors stand open for you; 

You shall enter all our wigwams, 

For the heart’s right hand we give you. 
Never bloomed the earth so gayly, 


40 


LONGFELLOW. 


Never shone the sun so brightly, 

As to-day they shine and blossom 
When you come so far to see us ! 

Priest. 

Peace be with you, Hiawatha, 

Peace be with you and your people. 

Warriors. 

It is well, O Pale-face Brother, 

That you come so far to see us ! 

Iagoo. 

We shall listen to your message, 

We shall hear your words of wisdom, 

We will think on what you tell us. 

Hiawatha. 

Enter now my -home, O Brother, 

Enter, rest, and be most welcome ! 

[Both enter wigwam. 

All. 

We will listen to our leader, 

Heed the words of Hiawatha. 

[Nokomis and Hiawatha come from wigwam. 

Hiawatha ( aside to Nokomis). 

I am going, O Nokomis, 

On a long and distant journey, 

To the portals of the Sunset, 

To the regions of the home-wind, 

Of the Northwest-Wind, Keewaydin. 

But these guests I leave behind me, 

In your watch and ward I leave them; 


THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 


41 


See that never harm comes near them, 

See that never fear molests them, 

Never danger nor suspicion, 

Never want of food or shelter, 

In the lodge of Hiawatha! 

Nokomis. 

Farewell, O my Hiawatha ! 

Hiawatha (to his people, who rise and listen attentively ). 

I am going, O my people, 

On a long and distant journey; 

Many moons and many winters 
Will have come and will have vanished, 

Ere I come again to see you, 

But my guests I leave behind me; 

Listen to their words of wisdom, 

Listen to the truth they tell you, 

For the Master of Life has sent them 
From the land of light and morning! 

[Hiawatha moves away. At the exit he turns 
and waves farewell. 

All. 

Farewell, farewell, Hiawatha! 

Hiawatha. 

Farewell, farewell, O my people! 

Nokomis (weeping). 

Farewell, O my Hiawatha! 

All. 

Farewell, farewell, Hiawatha! 


[ Curtain. 


THE DEATH OF MINNEHAHA. 


(See footnote , page 31^.') 


Music by C. C. Converse. 










































































THE DEATH OF MINNEHAHA. 


43 














































































































44 


LONGFELLOW. 




i 




hear a rush-ing,Hear a wav-ing and a rush-ing, 
see my fa-ther Standing lone-ly at his doorway, 


3 




0 -0 0 




$ 




««=; 


Hear the falls of Min - ne - ha - ha Call - ing to me 
Beck’ning to me from his wigwam In the land of 
( Nokomis.) 5. Wa- ho - no - win ! 




4 




P 



from a dis - tance!(NoKOMis.)No, my child ! my 
the Da - co - tahs ! (Nokomis. )No, my child ! my 
Wa - ho - no - win ! Would that I had 





















































































































THE DEATH OF MINNEHAHA. 


45 





























































































































INDIAN WEARING APPAREL AND UTENSILS. 


The dress of the Indians in the northern parts of 
America was composed of the skins of wild beasts, which 
they prepared with much care and skill. Shirts, trousers, 
and robes were fashioned with no little attempt at elegance, 
being ornamented with porcupine quills and animals’ tails. 
Shoes, or moccasins, were made of moose-hide, or buck¬ 
skin, tied with thongs. Long leggings gave additional pro¬ 
tection when needed. The head-dresses were especially 
fantastic, being often adorned with feathers, animals’ tails 
and horns. The love of finery and display was innate in 
the race. 

The Indians displayed much ingenuity in making their 
few and simple utensils. They had some skill in pottery, 
and also made dishes of wood, spoons of shells, and mortars 
of stone. Gourds served them for water-jugs and dippers, 
and they wove very good baskets of osiers and birch bark. 
They made convenient bags and pouches, gayly decorating 
them with shells, quills, and sometimes with an animal’s 
head. Engaging so much in the chase, they naturally 
expended much care upon their bows and arrows. The 
arrow-heads were made of very hard stone, usually quartz 
or flint, and great numbers of them still exist to prove the 
skill of their manufacture. Tomahawks, axes, and gouges of 
stone were made so well as to serve very fairly the purposes 
for which we think it necessary to have steel instruments. 
For the babies, curious cradles or baskets were used, which 
could be strapped to the mother’s back in travelling, or 
deposited in any convenient place. Great pipes, sometimes 
four feet long, were hewn from the catlinite or pipe-stone, 
und often were beautifully carved and inlaid with bits of 
ivory taken from the teeth of the walrus or the whale. 


1 


2 


8 



INDIAN WEARING APPAREL. 


1 Bowstring guard for wrist. 2. Head-dress, Medici 
4. Bracelet, Wolpi. 6. Bear-claw necklace. 6,7 Earrin 
ging and moocasin. 10. War shirt. 11. Blackfoot mocc 


3. Head-dress, Sioux. 
8. Necklace. 9. Leg- 
, green. 
















INDIAN UTENSILS. 

1. Buffalo bow. 2. Pepago jug. 3. Pack basket. 4. Pottery vessel. 5. Mexi¬ 
can Indian olla. 6. Tomahawk. 7. Bone tool for making arrows. 8. Gourd 
drinking cup. 9. Iroquois bark vessel. 















1 


3 



INDIAN UTENSILS. 

1. Axe and quiver. 2. Stone mortar and pestle for grain. 3. Fish-hooks, common 
to northwest coast. 4. Shell spoon. 5. Fire-bag of Crowfoot, head chief of the Black- 
feet. G. Rawhide cradle, Apache. 7. Pipe. 8. Stone “ metat ” for grinding corn. 














INDIAN UTENSILS. 

1. Fan of feathers, belonging to Crowfoot, head chief of Blackfeet. 2. Antique 
vase, Tennessee. 3. Prehistoric hoe and knife. 4. War-clubs, antique. 5. Buf¬ 
falo horn spoon. 6. Hoe. 7. Shell hatchet, antique. 8. Wooden dish, very old 

form. 












2 


3 



7 



INDIAN UTENSILS. 


1. Shield and lance. 2. Wampum. 3. War-club. 4. Hammer 
Pipe head. 6. Rawhide double ball, used in game like hockey ’ 
8. Pottery. 9. Scalping knife and sheath. 10. Knapsack. 


antique. 5. 
7. Suowshoe. 




























PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY 


OP INDIAN NAMES IN THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. 

There cannot well be an absolutely authoritative pronunciation of Indian names. 
As they are spelled, they represent the sounds, as nearly as they could be caught 
and reproduced by those who came in contact with the Indians. Thus there is a 
mingling of English and French usage, but on the whole the broad sound of the 
vowels is common. The following vocabulary is an attempt at showing the pro* 
nunciation according to the most intelligible standard. The accent will usually be 
marked by the rhythm of the verse in which the word occurs. 

The Diacritical Marks given are those found in the latest edition of Webster’s 
International Dictionary. 


EXPLANATION OF MARKS. 


A Dash (") above the vowel denotes the long sound, as in fate, eve, time, note, 
use. 

A Curve ('■') above the vowel denotes the short sound, as in Sdd, 8nd, Til, Gdd, fip. 
A Dot (’) above the vowel a denotes the obscure sound of a in past, Abate, 
America. 

A Double Dot (") above the vowel a denotes the broad sound of a in father, alms. 
A Dot (.) below the vowel u denotes the sound of u in full. 

A Double Dot (..) below the vowels a or u denotes the sound of a in b$ll and u 
in rpde. 

e sounds like e in dSpSnd. 
o “ “ o in propose. 

a “ “a in final. 

«h “ “ k. 

8 “ “ Z. 

g is soft as in gem. 
g is hard as in get. 


idjTdau'mo, the red squirrel. 
Ahdeek', the reindeer. 

Ahkose'wTn, fever. 

Ahmeek', the King of Beavers. 
Ah'mo, the bee. 

Algon'quin (XlgGn'kTn), Ojibway. 
innSmee'kee, the thunder. 
ApQk'wa, a bulrush. 

Baim-ws^wa, sound of the thunder. 
Bemah'gqt, the grape-vine. 

BS'nA, the pheasant. 


Big Sea Water, Lake Superior. 

Bukada/wYn, famine. 

Cam&n'chS§, an Indian tribe. 

Cheemaun', a birch canoe. 

ChStowaik', the plover. 

-GhTbTa'bos, a musician ; friend of Hia¬ 
watha ; Ruler in the Land of Spirits. 

DacS'tah, a name including many tribes 
of the Northwest; doubtless here 
means the modern Sioux (Soo). 

DAhYn'da, the bullfrog. 





54 PRONOUNCING 

DQsh-kwo-ne'she (or Kwo-ne-she), the 
dragon-fly. 

E'si, shame upon you. 

Escona/ba, a river in Northern Michigan. 
Ewa-yea', lullaby. 

Ghee'zYg (gee'zig), the sun. 
GYt'che-Gu'mee, the Big-Sea-Water, 
Lake Superior. 

GYt'che MSn'Yto, the Great Spirit; the 
Master of Life. 

Gushkewau', the darkness. 

Huau-ha' (hl-o-ba'). 

Hiawa'tha (he-a-wa'th&), the Wise Man ; 
the Teacher; son of Mudjekeewis, the 
West-Wind, and Wenonah, daughter 
of Nokomis. 

Hu'rSng, an Indian tribe. 

Ia'goo (e-a'goo), a great boaster and 
story-teller. 

InYn'ewug, men, or pawns in the Game 
of the Bowl. 

Islikoodah', fire ; a comet. 

Jee'bl, a ghost, a spirit. 

Jbss'akeed, a prophet. 

Ka'beyOn, the West-Wind. 
KabYbonok'k&, the North-Wind. 

Kagh, the hedgehog. 

Ka'go, do not. 

Kahgahgee', the raven. 

Kaw, no. 

K&ween', no indeed. 

Kaybshk', the sea-guU. 

Kee'gS, a fish. 

Keeway'dYn, the Northwest-Wind, the 
Home-Wind. 

KSnii'beek, a serpent. 

Keneu' (kSn-u'), a great war-eagle. 
K5no'zh&, the pickerel. 

Ko'ko-ko'ho, the owl. 

Kunt&ssoo', the Game of Plum-stones. 
Kwa'sYnd, the Strong Man. 

Kwo-ne'she (or HQsh-kwo-ne'she), the 
dragon-fly. 

Mahnahbe'zee, the swan. 

Mahng, the loon. 

Mahn-go-tay'see, loon-hearted, brave. 
Mahnomo'nee, wild rice. 

Ma'mA, the woodpecker. 

MSn'dSng, an Indian tribe. 

MXn'Yto, Guardian Spirit. 

MSskSno'zha, the pike. 

MeMa, a medicine man. 


VOCABULARY. 

Meda'mYn, the art of healing. 

Meenah'ga, the blueberry. 

MegYss5g'w5n, the great Pearl-Feather, 
a magician, and the Mauito of Wealth. 

MeshYnau'wa, a pipe-bearer. 

MTnjekah'wun, Hiawatha’s mittens. 

MYnneh&'M, Laughing Water; a water¬ 
fall on a stream running into the Mis¬ 
sissippi between Fort Snelling and the 
Falls of St. Anthony. 

MYnneha'ha, Laughing Water; wife of 
Hiawatha. , 

MYune-wa'wa, a pleasant sound as of 
the wind in the trees. 

MYshe-Mo'kwa, the Great Bear. 

MYshe-Nah'ma, the Great Sturgeon, 
King of Fishes. 

MYskodeed', the Spring-Beauty, the 
Claytonia Virginica. 

MYtche MSn'Yto, the Spirit of Evil. 

Monda'mYn, Indian corn. 

Moon of Bright Nights, ApriL 

Moon of Leaves, May. 

Moon of Strawberries, June. 

Moon of the Falling Leaves, September. 

Moon of Snow-shoes, November. 

Mudjekee'wYs, the West-Wind, father 
of Hiawatha. 

MQdway-aush'kX, the sound of waves o* 
a shore. 

MQshkoda'sa, the grouse. 

Mus'koday, the meadow. 

N&gow Wudj'o, the Sand Himes of Lake 
Superior. 

Nah'ma, the sturgeon. 

NahmS-wusk', spearmint. 

N&w&da'ha, the singer. 

Nee-ba-naw'baigs, water-spirits. 

Nenemoo'shX, sweetheart. 

Nepah'wYn, sleep. 

Noko'mYs, a grandmother; mother of 
Wenonah. 

No'sa, my father. 

Nush'kX, look ! look ! 

Odah'mYn, the strawberry. 

Ojeeg', the Summer-Maker. 

OjYb'ways, an Indian tribe, located on 
the southern shore of Lake Superior. 

Ok&hah'wYs, the fresh-water herring. 

Ome'me, the pigeon. 

5n;i'gbn, a bowl. 

Onaway', awake. 



PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. 


55 


Ope'chee, the robin. 

ftsse'o, Son of the Evening Star. 

Owais's4, the bluebird. 

Oweenee', wife of OsBeo. 

Ozawa'beek, a round piece of brass or 
copper in the Game of the Bowl. 
PahpCLk-kee'n&, the grasshopper. 
Paimosaid' (pi-m5-s6d')» a thief of corn¬ 
fields. 

Pau'guk, Death. 

Pau-Piik-kee'wTs, the handsome Yena- 
dizze, the Storm Fool. 

Pauwa'tlng, Sault Sainte Marie. 
Pe'boXn, Winter. 

PSm'YcSn, meat of the deer or buffalo 
dried and pounded. 

Pgzhekee, the bison. 

PYshnekqh', the brant. 

Pone'mah, the land of the Hereafter. 
Pugisaing', Game of the Bowl. 
Puggawau'gun, a war-club. 

Pukwa'na, the smoke of the Peace-Pipe. 
Puk-wQdj'Tes, little wild men of the 
woods; pygmies. 

Sah-s&h-je'wfin, rapids. 

Sah'wa, the perch. 

SSbowTsh'4, a brook. 

SegwQn', Spring. 

ShaMa, the pelican. 

Shahbo'mln, the gooseberry. 

Shah-Shah, long ago. 

Shaugoda'ya, a coward. 

Shawg4shee r , the craw-fish. 
ShawSnda'see, the South-Wind. 
Shaw-shaw, the swallow. 

ShSsh'SbwQg, ducks; pieces in the Game 
of the Bowl. 

ShYn'gebYs, the diver, or grebe. 
Sho'shoniSs, an Indian tribe. 
Showain'neme'shTn, pity me. 


Sh^h-shph'-gah, the blue heron. 

Soan - ge - ta'ha (son - ge - ta'hi), strong- 
hearted. 

Spbbeka'she, the spider. 

Sugge'ma (su-je'ma), the mosquito. 
TSm'SrSck, the larch tree. 
Taqu&me'naw, a river in Northeastern 
Michigan. 

T4w4sSn'th&, Vale of, in Albany County, 
New York ; now called Norman’s Kill. 
To'tSm, family coat-of-arms. 

Ugh, yes. 

Ugudwash', the sun-fish. 

Unktahee', the God of Water. 

WabSs'so, the rabbit; the North. 
Wabe'no, a magician ; a juggler. 
Wabe'no-wusk, yarrow. 

Wa'bun, the East-Wind. 

Wa'bun An'nfing, the Star of the East, 
the Morning Star. 

Wa'gemYn, the thief of cornfields. 
Wahono'wYn, a cry of lamentation. 
Wah-wah-tay'see, the fire-fly. 
Wam'pum, beads of shell. 

Waubewy'Sn, a white skin wrapper. 
Wa'w&, the wild goose. 

Waw'beek, a rock. 

Waw-be-wa'wa, the white goose. 
WawSnais'sd, the whippoorwill. 
Way-hi-way'. 

Way-muk-kwa'nA, the caterpillar. 
Waywas'sTmo, the lightning. 
WSn'dYgoeg, giants. 

WSno'nah, Hiawatha’s mother, daughter 
of Nokomis. 

Wyo'mTng, in Northern Pennsylvania, 
the scene of a terrible massacre in 
1778. 

Y5n4dYz'ze, an idler and gambler, an 
Indian dandy. 


Cbaigie House, Cambridge, 

November 12, 1897. 

Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.: 

Dear Sirs, — The pronunciation used by my father was “ He-awa'tha,” the ac¬ 
cent on the first syllable being slighter than on the “ wa,” the “a” sounded like 
“a” in “mar,” not “war,” as sometimes used. 

I should be glad to have this impressed on the public. 

Yours sincerely, 

L.cfC. Alice M. Longfellow. 






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